Are We in the "End Times"? (Revelations)

[Jhanananda]

I had completely rejected the expanding earth hypothesis as a complete laugh; however, I was forced to accept the distinct possibility that the earth may have doubled in size in the last 100my due to endeavoring to resolve a number of problems in impact theory, archaeology and paleontology.

Essentially the problems are:
1) As pointed out the continents do indeed meet on both sides of the Americas; and this is not based upon a wide fudge factor.
2) There is a paleontological record of closely related species from Africa through South America and even New Zealand which can only be explained by jointing those geographical bodies as late at 4.2mya.
3) Paleontologists have pointed out that the physics of osteology shows that the dinosaurs simply would not have functioned given the force of gravity at it present value.
4) Recent findings have shown that the atmosphere before 65mya was at a far lower pressure than at present.
5) A distinct problem is continental drift is explaining the discrepancy of the ocean basins being an order of magnitude younger than the continents. Continental drift explains this away with subduction. However, the problem with this hypothesis is the ocean basins account of 2/3 of the earths surface, so for subduction to explain this discrepancy, then the subduction rate of the ocean basins has to be about 3 times that of the continents, which makes no sense to me.

The best explanation for the problems suggests an expanding earth hypothesis.

The simplest explanation for an expanding earth is an impact rate, and size of impactor that is far greater than here to for accepted by academia.

Art Medlar but since you asked ... the most obvious reason the expanding earth idea is nonsense is because it includes the earth increasing its surface area by 3 times. increasing the surface area of a sphere 3x requires increasing the radius of the sphere by ~1.7 times. Increasing the radius of a sphere by 1.7 times increases the volume of the sphere by ~4 times. All evidence, and by "all" i mean absolutely all, all evidence indicates that 5 million years ago the earth was not 1/4 of its present size.

Thanks for your numbers, I find them reasonable, except the 5 mya number. I am not sure where you came up with it. That number should be 100mya, which is the age of the oldest ocean floors on earth.

So, no, all of the continents do not need to be connected to explain #2. Only Africa, South America, New Zealand and even Antarctica do. And, I agree, that connection needs to be prior to 4.2mya for this hypothesis to be true.

The anthropological and archeological community explain the presence of closely related fauna on the above continents up until the end of the last ice age is due to members of these species “rafting” across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans on “tree-snags;” as laughable as that hypothesis is to anyone who understands biology.  For instance elephants simply could not survive the journey across the oceans due to their need for a considerable volume of trees to eat, and fresh water to drink. 

Also, if it were true that pachyderms can indeed raft across the oceans then there would have to be at the very least a mating pair to arrive in a close enough time scale to allow for more than 1 reproduction cycle, and there would actually have to have been more than just a mating pair, or otherwise there would have been far more difference in members of the same species to exist on both sides of the oceans.  And, we would have seen the evidence of mammalian rafting across the oceans since the last ice age to repopulate those continents since then.  And, we would surely have observed this "rafting" in the last 500 years; however, none has been observed.

Therefore, using Occam’s razor, it is more reasonable to accept these continents were indeed connected prior to 4.2mya, and that connection was most likely through Antarctica, which would have to have been in a subtropical temperature zone at the time; and it turns out that the paleontological record shows this to be true.

This also suggests that the rotational axis of the earth may have also shifted, which supports another one of those fringy-science issues.  However, it does explain the shifting magnetic field over time, which is not gradual but episotic, and happens to correspond with radical global environmental shifts, which one would expect if an impact with sufficient energy to shift the rotational axis of the earth; as well as raise the mountains and move the continents that have been in the intervening 4.2my.

Just to clarify a point that you made above, I do not reject continental drift.  I just see the impact hypothesis is a reasonable explanation for continental drift.  And, I readily admit the expanding earth community have a completely lame explanation for the expanding earth hypothesis which does not serve the acceptance of that hypothesis by academia.

Also, I am reminded that prior to about 1960 plate tectonics was completely rejected by academia, and any student who was found to embrace the idea would not have received a graduating degree. Then the data from the ocean core samples were analyzed by the USGS and it was proven that the continents on either side of the Atlantic indeed were once connected. So, I am confident that when more data is in and analyzed that the geological community will have to accept the expanding earth hypothesis.

[bodhimind]

I've read that we've reached the no-return point past global warming. This Earth is done for.

The second thing is that I have a really bad feeling that something will happen. Is the asteroid going to hit in the next 5 years? Or perhaps global disasters, or maybe war? I have a feeling some kind of war may rise.

[Jhanananda]

I've read that we've reached the no-return point past global warming. This Earth is done for.

Earth’s CO2 Passes the 400 PPM Threshold—Maybe Permanently

By Brian Kahn, Climate Central on September 27, 2016, Scientific American
"In the centuries to come, history books will likely look back on September 2016 as a major milestone for the world’s climate. At a time when atmospheric carbon dioxide is usually at its minimum, the monthly value failed to drop below 400 parts per million.

That all but ensures that 2016 will be the year that carbon dioxide officially passed the symbolic 400 ppm mark, never to return below it in our lifetimes, according to scientists."

I do not believe that global warming will turn the Earth into a Venus-like planet, as I believe Venus is half the distance from the sun as the Earth, so it receives energy from the sun to the square of our reception due to the field strength law of physics.  However, it seems reasonable to me that global warming will produce more violent storms; and recent weather history in the past 50 years suggests this. 

There is, however, an historic record flood in California in about 1850 that flooded the entire central valley for a month.  We have not seen that kind of weather since, but it surely will happen again, and it could not have been due to CO2 emissions back then.

The second thing is that I have a really bad feeling that something will happen. Is the asteroid going to hit in the next 5 years? Or perhaps global disasters, or maybe war? I have a feeling some kind of war may rise.
[/quote]

History shows that all empires fall.  And, weather records found in tree-ring data suggest that the rise and fall of empires seems to be often connected to extreme weather events.

Geology shows that there is a remarkable periodicity to both the ice-ages, and the periodic extinctions.

The periodic extinctions, like the one that caused the dinosaurs to go extinct is a roughly 30 million year cycle, which has recently been shown to be due to our sun and solar system orbiting in the galaxy, which takes us through the galactic plane, which is a lot more dense in matter than where we are at present, which is out in a very quiet and debris-free zone of the galaxy, but this current quiescent period will come to an end in about 25 million years.

The odd periodicity of the ice-ages, on the other hand is a bit more disturbing, because the ice-ages tend to have 12,500 year cycles, and it has been 12,900 years since the last one.  Any cycle that is so regular, and on such a large scale must surely have an astronomical cause to it. 

So, far astronomy has not found a cause for this cycle.  However, in the last 10-15 years new objects past Pluto have been observed and recorded, and their orbits plotted.  The plotted orbits suggest that all of these detected trans-Neptunian objects have a common center, which suggests a large undetected 9th planet.

I do not see how the orbit of the 9th planet has much to do with us; however, one of its moons has been shown to have a 12,9000 orbit.  And, it orbit takes it inside the orbit of Pluto.  Thus, my hypothesis at this time is that moons with a 12,9000 orbit, which takes it inside the orbit of Pluto is surely related to the periodicity of the ice-ages.

It has been shown that at least some of the ice-ages have been associated with large asteroid impacts and/or the eruption of super volcanoes.  One of my hypotheses is super volcanoes are the direct product of a massive asteroid impact.  The volcanic event of a super volcano obscures the evidence of the original asteroid impact that caused that volcanic event.

So, one of my other hypotheses is putting all of this evidence together that moon of planet 9 that has a 12,9000 orbit impacts Pluto, which is a debris field, not  planet, which releases debris from that impact some of which is thrown into the inner solar system, which causes a cascade of very large impacts on all of the inner planets, which eventually results in one or more massive impacts to the earth, which are of such magnitude as to shift the polar axis, and bring on the next ice-age.

However, back to a shorter cycle event that could cause a major disruption of the social structure of the Earth, is a massive coronal mass ejection, which has been shown recently to have a periodicity of roughly 150 years.  The Carrington event was one of the them.  It was a little over 150 years ago.  So, we are due for another one any minute now.  When the next Carrington-level coronal mass ejection event occurs, then we can expect all technologies that depend upon computers, which is most, will fail permanently, and the entire planet will be propelled back into pre-industrial technology.  Since most cities depend upon transportation networks that transport food and water, which depend upon computers, then a Carrington-level coronal mass ejection event will surely propel all cultures back to pre-industrial technology, which will cause massive starvation, witch is surely going to cause the collapse of the empires at that time.

So, the take-home message for the contemplative, is the world is impermanent, so give up your worldly attachments, and meditate deeply, and arrange your lifestyle to support deep meditation.

[Jhanananda]

The meteorite that is discussed in the following two articles contained minerals that could not have been created naturally on earth, which could be used to argue that technology developed somewhere else in the universe, and ended up in a meteorite in Russia, and it dates to 4.5 billion years ago.

Crystal with "Forbidden Symmetry" Found in 4.5-Billion-Year-Old Meteorite

Still unnamed, this second quasicrystal was found in the same meteorite but in different grain (circled in red above). It’s made up of aluminum, nickel, and iron—three things that aren’t usually found together since aluminum binds so quickly to oxygen, blocking attachment to the other two. Finding a second naturally occurring quasicrystal confirms that these can, in fact, form in nature and remain stable over cosmic time scales.

Physicist Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and geologist Luca Bindi from the University of Florence, Italy cracked open a meteorite found in the Koryak mountains of east Russia in the late 1970s, and found the first example of naturally formed quasicrystals.

An analysis of the microscopic structure of the meteorite suggested that this collision happened before it slammed into Earth, and its outer space origin was made more likely by the fact that the Khatyrka meteorite contained a metallic copper-aluminium alloy that's not be found anywhere else on Earth.

[Jhanananda]

This is worth paying attention to: Executive Order -- Coordinating Efforts to Prepare the Nation for Space Weather Events.

[Jhanananda]

If a new estimate for the impactor that created the Imbrium Basin on the moon puts the rock at the size of New Jersey (1,200 kilometers/745.645431 miles) across, in this article, How the Man in the Moon Got His Enormous Right Eye, then we should consider that the earth, which is a larger gravity well than the moon, most probably had impacts at least as large, if not larger.

A new estimate for the impactor that created the Imbrium Basin puts the rock at the size of New Jersey

The Man in the Moon has an enormous right eye: the crater known as the Imbrium Basin, which is 1,200 kilometers across. The cavity was created roughly four billion years ago during a collision with something big. How big? “About the size of New Jersey,” says Peter H. Schultz, a planetary geoscientist at Brown University who published a new estimate of the object's heft in Nature. To figure out the impactor's dimensions, Schultz and his colleague David A. Crawford turned to the surface features of the moon—in particular the grooves that emanate from the collision site, which were carved by flying chunks of the impactor. The researchers usedmeasurements of those grooves and laboratory experiments to calculate the rock's size, speed and impact angle. The updated magnitude is 10 times more massive than previous estimates, which were based on computer simulations, and is a reminder of how little we know about the early solar system, Schultz says.

By the Numbers

10 kilometers (6.2 miles)

Estimated diameter of the Chicxulub impactor, which struck modern-day Mexico approximately 66 million years ago and contributed to the demise of the dinosaurs.

10 kilometers (6.2 miles)

Estimated diameter of the asteroid that formed South Africa's Vredefort Crater, the largest confirmed crater on Earth's surface.

250 kilometers (155 miles)

Newly estimated diameter of the asteroid that created the moon's Imbrium Basin.

[Jhanananda]

This response adds to the portions of this thread that started at this message. It examines longer periodicity of the sun. I often examine charts of various cycles that could reveal a longer period study of solar activity.


This image above is three cycles in about 40 year.


This image above is the 400 years of data that we have from observations starting with Galileo.


This image above is solar activity events recorded in radiocarbon. Present period is on right. Values since 1900 not shown.


This image above is a reconstruction of solar activity over 11,400 years. Period of equally high activity over 8,000 years ago marked.

What I see in the Solar Cycles (above). 
It looks like that in addition to a well accepted 11-year cycle of the sun there are also larger cycles effecting the sun, about 140 years, and 2,000 years, and possibly about 12,900 years.  Since about 1960 we are starting a new 140 year cycle, cycling down toward.  There was a 30 year minimum from about 1890 to 1920. We are now cycling down to another 30 year longer period minimum from roughly 2010 to 2040. We have also just passed a 2,000 year peak, which was part of an 8,000 year cycle, with its low about 2 centuries ago, and are heading into 11-year and a 140-year low cycles, and progressing into a 2,000 year low, which is part of an 8,000 year high cycle.  I suppose that might reduce x-ray exposure for all of us for the next century or so.  These lows should produce less global precipitation.

[Jhanananda]

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres.[1] By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the Holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.[2]

Evidence for ice ages

There are three main types of evidence for ice ages: geological, chemical, and paleontological.

Geological evidence for ice ages comes in various forms, including rock scouring and scratching, glacial moraines, drumlins, valley cutting, and the deposition of till or tillites and glacial erratics. Successive glaciations tend to distort and erase the geological evidence, making it difficult to interpret. Furthermore, this evidence was difficult to date exactly; early theories assumed that the glacials were short compared to the long interglacials. The advent of sediment and ice cores revealed the true situation: glacials are long, interglacials short. It took some time for the current theory to be worked out.

The chemical evidence mainly consists of variations in the ratios of isotopes in fossils present in sediments and sedimentary rocks and ocean sediment cores. For the most recent glacial periods ice cores provide climate proxies from their ice, and atmospheric samples from included bubbles of air. Because water containing heavier isotopes has a higher heat of evaporation, its proportion decreases with colder conditions.[29] This allows a temperature record to be constructed. However, this evidence can be confounded by other factors recorded by isotope ratios.

The paleontological evidence consists of changes in the geographical distribution of fossils. During a glacial period cold-adapted organisms spread into lower latitudes, and organisms that prefer warmer conditions become extinct or are squeezed into lower latitudes. This evidence is also difficult to interpret because it requires (1) sequences of sediments covering a long period of time, over a wide range of latitudes and which are easily correlated; (2) ancient organisms which survive for several million years without change and whose temperature preferences are easily diagnosed; and (3) the finding of the relevant fossils.

Despite the difficulties, analysis of ice core and ocean sediment cores[30] has shown periods of glacials and interglacials over the past few million years. These also confirm the linkage between ice ages and continental crust phenomena such as glacial moraines, drumlins, and glacial erratics. Hence the continental crust phenomena are accepted as good evidence of earlier ice ages when they are found in layers created much earlier than the time range for which ice cores and ocean sediment cores are available.

There have been at least five major ice ages in the earth's past (the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan, Karoo Ice Age and the Quaternary glaciation). Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes.

The current ice age, the Pliocene-Quaternary glaciation, started about 2.58 million years ago during the late Pliocene, when the spread of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere began. Since then, the world has seen cycles of glaciation with ice sheets advancing and retreating on 40,000- and 100,000-year time scales called glacial periods, glacials or glacial advances, and interglacial periods, interglacials or glacial retreats. The earth is currently in an interglacial, and the last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago. All that remains of the continental ice sheets are the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and smaller glaciers such as on Baffin Island.

Here is another useful chart to compare to the above charts.

Variations in temperature, CO2, and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400,000 years

[Jhanananda]

Our Solar System Was Born through High-Energy Crashes, Not Stately Growth

Our neighborhood of planets was not created slowly, as scientists once thought, but in a speedy blur of high-energy crashes, destruction and rebuilding.

[Jhanananda]

This New Map Shows Frequency of Small Asteroid Impacts, Provides Clues on Larger Asteroid Population.  It clearly shows that asteroid impacts to the earth's atmosphere since 1994 shows the impact rate to the earth, and therefore other celestial bodies in this solar system, is clearly at a much higher rate than was accepted in the scientific community.

[bodhimind]

What happens if the polar ice caps melt, and the problem is not the rising water-tides, but the shift in the planetary rotational axis as a result of the difference in water-distribution? There would be dreadful floods.

If I'm not wrong, the shift in the planetary rotational axis happened once before in the Earth's history, causing a 'tilt'. What if the tilt was not 23.5 degrees, but the tilt was actually an inversion, of nearly 66.5 degrees in the opposite direction? Maybe "Noah's flood" in the past caused this.

If the cause of destruction is flooding, then perhaps the only place we can flee to is the Himalayas...

[Jhanananda]

Interesting thoughts, bodhimind.  My point in contributing to this thread is not to make people afraid, but to inspire them to take up a rigorous, self-aware, contemplative life that bares fruit; because life on earth is not as secure or as constant as we once thought.  Below is another interesting article worth reading.

Earth’s Lost History of Planet-Altering Eruptions Revealed

[Jauho1979]

Hi Jhananda,

I'm just wondering if there is any refuge (perhaps less impermanent than staying on earth)  in getting reborn in the deva realms, from the sensual to immaterial ones?

 

[Jhanananda]

Well, that is my point, Jauho1979.  Lead a rigorous, self-aware, contemplative life that bares fruit.  Master the 8 stages of samadhi, and traverse the immaterial domains.  When death comes for such a person, they just leave the body when it drops, and go into the immaterial domains.

[Jauho1979]

I  see your point. However, with that said, wouldn't Nibanna be the ultimate solution since even the immaterial domain also can be impermanent in the long run?