I couldn't find the correct category for this. Please feel free to move and educate me for future inquiry of fruits or extrasensory phenomena.
In my experience telepathy or knowing another's thoughts is a subset of insight, so I believe starting a thread on this topic under that heading is a good idea.
In the past, I have had experiences where the thoughts of others were identified in my own awareness and I seemed to confirm this. It has since been my theory that with a still and quiet mind it is possible to know the thoughts of another (in realtime). Perhaps this is because of the collective aspect to consciousness.
This is where your psychiatrist would have increased your dose, because in their mind one cannot know another's thoughts, and claiming so is clearly delusional. However, from the practice of meditation that produces the religious experience I too found I could read the mind of others.
Is it possible to know the thoughts of another, realtime, while both individuals are on the physical plane? If so, how would this be developed?
Yes, in my experience it is possible to read the mind of others in real-time. It is developed as an aspect of insight, which is born of deep meditation that produces the religious experience; and it is what tends to drive mystics crazy if they do not head off into the wilderness, or a supportive monastery, as quickly as possible.
Once one has developed substantial equanimity, then one can return to the world from time to time. However, such a sensitive mystic would tend to reside most of the time in the wilderness or small towns. It just so happens most of the mystics arose in small towns, not major cities.